Python Reference Guide

Basic Concepts:

1. Variables and Data Types

   • int, float, str, bool

   • Variables and assignment (=, +=, -=)

2. Control Flow

   • if, else, elif: Conditional statements

   • for, while: Loop constructs

   • break, continue: Loop control

   • try, except, finally, raise: Exception handling

3. Functions and Modules

   • def: Function definition

   • return: Function return values

   • import, from, as: Module importation

Data Structures:

1. Lists

   • Indexing, slicing

   • Methods: append, remove, pop, extend, sort

2. Dictionaries

   • Usage: {key: value} pairs

   • Methods: keys, values, items, get, update

3. Tuples and Sets

   • Tuples: Immutable

   • Sets: add, remove, union, intersection

Advanced Concepts:

1. Object-Oriented Programming

   • class, object

   • init, self

   • Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism

2. Iterators and Generators

   • yield: Generator functions

   • iter, next: Iterators

3. List Comprehensions and Generators

   • Concise creation of lists and generators

4. Decorators and Context Managers

   • @: Decorator syntax

   • with: Context managers

5. Lambda Functions

   • Anonymous functions

Pythonic Concepts:

1. Comprehensions (List, Dictionary, Set)

2. Slicing

3. Unpacking

4. The Zen of Python: import this

Remember: Python is an evolving language. Keep up-to-date with the latest versions and best practices.